Lathe.



A. CHRISTENSEN.

LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.18, 1900.

Patented Oct. 31, 1911.

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wn-ruessas- COLUMBIA PLANDGRAPH C0., WASHINGTON. D C.

A. CHRISTENSEN.

LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 18. 1900.

Patented 001;.31, 1911.

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LATHE.

APPLICATION rum) DEC. 18. 1900. 1,007,065.

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A. CHRISTENSEN.

LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.18, 1900. 1,007,065. I Patented 001. 31, 1911.

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A. CHRISTENSEN.

' LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 18, 1900.

Patented 0ct.31,19 11.

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outrun STATES PATENT orrion.

ANTON CHRISTENSEN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO FRANCIS T. CHAMBERS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AND HARFORI) W. HARE POWEL,

OF NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND.

LATHE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 31, 1911.

Application filed December 18, 1900. Serial No. 40,230.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANTON CHRISTENSEN, a subject of the King of Denmark, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Lathes, whereof the following, reference being had to the accompanying component drawings, is a full and exact description.

lVhile my invention, in many of its new and useful features, relates to lathes in general, it is especially aimed at and hereinafter specifically illustrated by a multiple reproduction lathe wherein said inventions characteristic features combine and cooperate to 'form a complete and improved machine.

The chief object of my invention is to provide a lathe wherein a plurality of pieces of workeach preferably like every other,- may be simultaneously and in synchronous progression acted upon by a plurality of similar tools. Said tools being arranged in,

had to the aforesaid drawings, they will be found to illustrate said invention as follows:

Figure 1 is an interrupted plan view of a machine embodying by invention. Fig. l is a side elevation of a detail taken therefrom. Fig. 2 is an end elevation, partially in section, of portions of said machine, the

plane of section being denoted by line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an end elevation, partially in section, of portions of the machine shown in Fig. l; the plane of section being denoted by the line 33 of Fig. 1. Fig. l is a sectional elevation of certain parts of the machine, the plane of parts sectioned being transverse to those of Figs. 2 and 3 and indicated by line 4l4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of parts of the machine, the plane of parts sectioned b'eing denoted by line 55 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a cross sectional elevation on a larger scale of parts of said machine, the

plane of section being denoted by the line 66 of Fig. 1, the spectator looking toward the right or caption end of the sheet whereon said figure is displayed. Fig. 7 is a crosssectional elevation of substantially the same parts as in Fig. 5, the plane of section being denoted by line 77 of Fig. 1, and the aspect and scale as in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of parts of said machine, the plane of section being transverse to that in igs. 6 and 7 and denoted by the line 88 of Fig. l, the scale as in Fig. 6. A subsidiary driving device, shown in Figs. 1 and 6, being omitted to prevent overcrowding of lines. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal elevation sectioned in details upon line 99 of Fig. 10; it shows parts of the machine denominated the mandreFs component; the scale being as in Fig. 6. Fig. 10 is an end elevation of said component, fragmented; it is transverse to Fig. 9 and on same scale. Fig. 11 is a longitudinal, in part sectional, detail fragmented from the drive stock component; the scale being still more enlarged. Fig. 12 is an enlarged scale fragmented detail, generally in longitudinal section, of the drive stock aforesaid. Fig. 13 is an end elevation upon an enlarged scale showing details of a preferred tool holding turret. Fig. 14 is a side View, partially in vertical section, of the mechanism shown in Fig. 13, the plane of section being denoted by line 1 111 of Fig. 13. Figs. 15 and 16 are respectively front view and side elevation of a modification of detail from a part denominated the puppet component. Fig. 17 is an enlarged plan view, partially in section, of a device fragmented from and ancillary to the mandrels component aforesaid, and Fig. 18 is an end 9 view, partially in section, on the line 1818 and of parts shown in Fig. 17.

For convenience of description, the machine will be named and developed as follows: First, the live stock component; second, the mandrels component, and, third, the tool carriage or puppet component: the frame, guideways, intermeshing mechanisms, and certain ancillary devices incident thereto, being relied upon to evidence that connection between said components which combines the three of them into a cooperating and.nicely interacting whole.

Beginning with the live stock aforesaid, A, A A are parallel frames fixed to and loo rising at right angles from the main horizontal bed A. This bed may be any suitable foundation, preferably, a heavy integral slab of cast iron and, in plan, of the general outline of the machine, see A, Fig.

1. \Vithin the upright f'ames A A are journaled shafts S S etc. All of these shafts lie parallel, and, so far as the livestock is concerned, are presumably endwise collared and equipped as follows: Upon shaft S there is fixed a main belt wheel 8. This wheel is the principal point of application of power, derivable from any suitable countershaft, yet one having, preferably, the ordinary cut-out and reversible rotary movements. Upon said shaft S there is also mounted with freedom for angular movement, but, by the lateral interlock of the gears which it embraces an endwise collared chair C. This chair bridges a pair of gears g 9, Fig. 11. These gears, are fixed to and carried by shaft S, and gear respectively with pinion gears g 9 formed as integral hub-parts on two otherwise independent spur gears g 9 These latter gears g g and g g are mounted rota tively loose on a countershaft s fixed in the cheeks of said chair C. As the spur gear g is less, say by one half its number of teeth, than is its adjoining spur gear 9, it is clear that the gears g and g will be driven at different speeds on the rotation of shaft S; also as the gears g are fixed to said shaft S, that they act laterally to collar said chair as aforesaid.

By means of a throw rod 0, Figs. 6 and 7, pivoted to a lug c on chair 0 said chair may be swung about shaft S and bring any one of gears g g into meshing reach of a pinion gear (Z. This latter gear, mounted with freedom for endwise sliding upon a shaft S is, see Fig. 12, first rotatively engaged thereto by its own slotted eye (Z a spline (Z, and said splines shaft seat .9 and, second, laterally controllable as follows :said spline cl having shoulders embracing sides of gear d by an extension (Z which extension in the section conforms to the metal. presumably removed in making the seat s -can be moved along said seat in. proportion to the total length of the gears g and g g aforesaid. For this purpose said extension (Z of the spline (5 extends without detriment to the rotary movement of shaft S out through said shafts bearing, a, in the frame A, see Fig. 1, and there, by other shoulders (l (l Fig. 12, engages the ends of a collar cl". This collar fitted to slide endwise on the shaft S (which shaft revolves free in said collars eye cl, Fig. 12,) is pivoted at (Z to one end of a shifter lever D; and this lever, pivoted at a, see Fig. 1, upon a bracket a, thence extends one of its ends to what I shall designate the operating angle Y of the machine, and is there shaped to a handle. Bracket a is fixed to frame A.

By control of shifter lever D and throw rod 0 the shaft S can be cut out; or, being thrown in gear, given four different speeds, as follows: of said gears g g 9 being say of thirty-two teeth each and gears g g g and (Z being of sixty-four teeth, then if shaft S makes three hundred revolutions, see Fig. 11, and gear cl is meshed with gear shaft S will make six hundred revolutions; while if gear (Z is geared with gear 9 said shaft will make three hundred revolutions; so gears and (Z give one hundred and fifty and gears g and (Z seventy five revolutions to shaft S Postponing description of the functions of shaft S (so controllably subject to changes of speed) in so far as the same are made use of without the live-stock, and passing now to said shafts further connections within said live-stock. Motion also can be talren. off from, or (gear (Z being disconnected, by manipulation of throw rod 0, from gears g g g 9 received by, said shaft S by way of a spur gear (Z (Fig. This gear (Z is fixed on said shaft S and is controllably meshed with one or other of a pair of gears e e forming part of a revolution reversing device. This device, see Fig. 6, consists of vibrating apron E provided with (1) an operating handle 6 and (2) laterally projecting studs 6 6 upon these studs are mounted loose stud intermeshing gears e of say thirty two teeth each, and so located that by vibrating apron E about its pivot s (which pivot at one end is fixed in the frame A) either one of the gears 6 a can be engaged at will with gear (Z aforesaid; and further the gears e e are so located on apron E that one of them, 6 not only meshes constantly with the other, a but also with a gear E. This latter gear is mounted loose on the stud 8 upon which the apron E also is mounted as aforesaid; and of which apron E, it may be here noted that a gap or open are slot 6 on its bottom part straddles over the shaft S aforesaid and acts, with the laterally adjoining faces of frame A and gear (Z as a steady guide useful when the apron is vibrated, while the bottom, 6 of said gap affords, when gears and (Z are meshed to pitch line, a convenient stop by banking on shaft S But to continue, concentric with and attached to gear E there is a small gear (see Figs. 1 and 6). Motion is taken off from this gear a by a gear E (Fig. 8) fixed to one end of a sleeve E which sleeve carries fixed to its other end a gear E and is, carrying said gears E E* journaled loose, on shaft S. Through said gear E intermeshing with a back gear train, next to be described, any rotary motions it receives are imparted to a pinion gear K. Pinion K is fixed to shaft S and when actuated drives it; or the reverse. Said back gear train consists of pinion gear a and spur gear 6 (Fig. 8) both fixed to a small shaft 8 that is, journaled parallel to the other shafts in housings A A In driving from belt wheel 8 through apron E the function of this back gear of which this small spur c meshes with said larger pinion K is, as usual in lathe back gears, to reduce speed and give a more powerful drive motion to the shaft S The shaft 8*, being a factor in the mechanism employed when the lathe is adapted to cutting screw threads, is further, for this purpose, geared and connected as follows: Upon mid body of said shaft S there is journaled a normally loose vibrating lever (see Fig. 7). To the lever is at its fulcrum eye 76 (Fig. 8) there is collared laterally a spur gear 76. This lateral collaring and also the rotative engagement of said gear to the shaft S, on which it, too, is mounted, is conveniently accomplished as follows: a slot 70 is sunk lengthwise along shaft S and, fitting therein for endwise sliding, works a spline 70 (see also Fig. 7); this spline projects part of its body into the registering eye-slot (not lettered to avoid confusion of lines) of gear 70, and by terminal shoulders 70 is -the latter carried on an extension of said spline which exactly conforms to any section of said shaft slot 70 that may underlie the eye 72 of lever 70- laterally engages said lever and gear to gether. Thus equipped the spur 7c meshes with and, if rotating under control of hand parts D c E aforesaid, drives a subsidiary spur 76 Spur 76 is mounted upon a pin 70 fixed to one side of the short arm of lever 70 aforesaid. Lever Is at its opposite end is formed with a downwardly cranked part 76* adapted, when traveled along the shaft S, to ride on inclined rail a; This rail is fixed strutwise to and between the front ends of housings A A and being dropped sufficiently to clear spur 70 when traveled along shaft 8*, is also sloped in accordance with the gain in diameter of a series of progressively increasing gears soon to be mentioned. In the crank part 70* of lever 71; there is threaded a set screw 70 adapted, by being set on the side of said rail (1, to hold said lever arm in the position shown in Fig. 7, or in such similar positions along rail 6: as causes the subsidiary spur gear 76- to register and intermesh with the several members of the progressively increasing series of gears 70 to 70 inclusive, that are fixed to shaft S This shaft S is also journaled, parallel to all the other shafts, in the housings A A of the live stock, and carries mounted on it the aforesaid progressive gears, which gears being of say 32, 36, 40, 44, 46, 48, 52, 56 and 64 teeth, give with a two to the inch pitch lead screw (hereinafter mentioned) the usual variations in speed appropriate for work and tool in screw cutting lathes. These variable speeds of rotation of the shafts S thus transmitted by gears as well as those derivable to same shaft S from shaft Sthrough the various speed controls of lever D and throw rod 0, reversing apron E, spur e sleeve gears E E back gear train a c and pinion K are arranged to be taken off and transmitted to the other parts of the lathe as follows: Upon the shaft S (see Fig. 6) there is mounted, with freedom for angular movement about such shaft as a pivot, a second chair C This chair straddles, (see Fig. 8,) gears 70 70 of say 32 and 64" teeth respectively, both of which, being fixed to shaft S are rotated by it; and meshing, with, drive two independent change of speed trains. These trains consist of four gears ZZ and Z-Z fixed in couples as hyphened, but each couple free of the other, and loosely journaled upon a countershaft s fixed in the chops of said chair C Each of said gear couples being of say 64 and 32 teeth, they are, together with their chair C collared by the free but lateral interlacing of the gears 70 and 70 which, gears intermeshing with the gears Z and Z respectively as aforesaid, are fixed to shaft S. This mechanism produces changes of speed in any shaft to which it may be coupled bya single gear analogous to the changes produced by the gearings of chair 0 aforesaid with pinion gear (Z on shaft S Of course the speeds and movements of rotation which shaft S may receive from said shaft S by way of the hereinbefore described intermediate gearings are very various but at the same time so obvious as not here to require further statement. So equipped and speed able the gears ZZ and Z Z of chair C are adapted to have their motions taken off as follows:

A throw rod 0 is pivoted (see Fig. 6), to a lug 0 extending downward from one of the chops of said chair. Thence said rod 0 passes outward, rests on a shaft S and terminates in a handle located near the angle of operating Y, Fig. 1. This rod 0 being pulled outward it is possible to vibrate and hold any one of the said four gears ZZ Z Z in mesh with a longitudinally slidable pinion gear F (see Fig. 7). This gear F mounted on a shaft 8 carries a spline f working in a slot f (Fig. 5) sunk lengthwise along said shaft and so acts to drive said shaft S at any point in its range thereon. The gear F is mounted for convenient use between the tines f f (Figs. 1 and 7 of a straddling manual fork F; and said fork, being provided with a handle part f, is adapted to bank on, but slide longitudinally along, a horizontal tie a fixed to and extending between the frame parts A A aforesaid. By cooperation of fork F and 13 throw rod 0 the gear F may be meshed with any of the four gears Z--Z Z Z-", and, by its spline f, drive the shaft 8 And the shaft 8 by the medium of an endwise slidable but rotatively splined clutch Lsee its spline L in end view Fig. 6is reversibly conneotable, or disconnectable, at will to the shaft S as follows :(1) by a gear Z having (Fig. 8) clutch engaging parts Z with reverse motion to a gear 8 and (2) by a gear Z having clutch engaging parts Z to an intermediate idler gear mounted loose on stud Z that projects horizontally from frame A and thereby, with direct motion, to gear 8 which latter gear with the gear 8 aforesaid are both fixed to and according to their engagement clutch L with them drive forward or in reverse the shaft 8. To which end the clutch gears Z Z aforesaid, mounted rotatively loose on shaft 5 are presumably collared against endwise motion along the same and localized at the range limit of the sliding clutch L: which clutch in its intermediate position (depicted in Fig. 8) is free of both said clutch gears Z' Z but is adapted to be moved therefrom into engagement with the gear clutch parts Z Z" by the cylindriform inner ends Z Z" of, a forked shifter lever L. For which purpose said ends straddle said clutches reduced mid body Z in the usual manner, and the lever L, pivoted for horizontal swinging to a bracket (0 formed on inner cheek of frame A thence projects its operating handle out near to the hand parts of the shifters aforesaid (see Figs. 1 and G).

The shaft S so connectible and subject at will to various speeds of controlled rotationdue to the above described mechanisms of the live-stock is utilized in screw and volute turning as the driver for (1) traversing the mandrels component, (2) advancing or retreating or stopping the puppet component. But before passing to a description of these functions etc., other features of my preferred live-stock are to be specified, viz: For the purpose of actuating shaft S and the parts which it ultimately controls, independent of the already above described mechanisms which, at least primarily, are adapted to receive motion from the main belt wheel 3 (and wherein the shaft S is, as later set forth herein, the chief live-stock driver for the mandrels component) I also provide and combine in the live stock, preferably two, other drive motions. Of these motions I shall designate one as the direct or handy-jack and the other as the ordinary turning drive motion of the shaft while for that which already described connects it operatively with the shaft- S aforesaid, I shall employ the desig nation of compound screw or mandrelscarriage-puppet-drive-motion. Taking now the said ordinary turning drive motion of the shaft S and referring to Figs. 1, 5, 7 and 8, it will be seen in the illustrative case to consist of the following mechanism: Upon the shaft 8 there are, in addition to the mechanisms already described, mounted between frames A A two presumably endwise collared loose gears .7) 5 these gears are provided, each 011 their like adjoining ends, with clutch members 6 6 between these I locate a rotatively engaged but endwise slidable clutch sleeve 7) which sleeve, being provided with the usual clutch engaging ends for interacting with said clutch parts of gears Z) and aforesaid, is centrally grooved and thereby engages with the pins Zf b (Fig. 8) of a forked operating lever B (Fig. 1) pivoted to a bracket a Fig. 1, of frame A. By engaging this clutch aforesaid with gear Z) (of say (34 teeth) motion can be taken off from a gear B of similar size fixed in range on a shaft S of which shaft more will be said hereafter. This latter gear B is also meshed with a small gear 6 see Fig. 7, fixed on shaft .9 which shaft, journaled in frames A A is, outside frame A, provided with a fixed independently actuatable belt wheel 8 see Figs. 1 and 8. Of these parts the clutch 7), placed in intermediate position, both gears b 5 lie at rest; or else said clutch, thrown by hand lever B aforesaid into engagement with gear 7) (of say 64 teeth) then said gear and shaft S to which it is thus temporarily engaged, are driven at equal speed but in opposite directions: so with clutch b engaged with gear 5 and driven by shaft 8 as said gear 6 meshes with an intermediate idler gear 5 journaled loose upon a stud p fixed to project horizontally from frame A and, as across the said idler (which therefore acts to reverse the motion) there is also meshed therewith a spur gear I) of say 32 teeth which gear is fixed to shaft S there is given to said shaft S a reverse motion one half slower than the relatively speaking forward motion produceable by the first described clutching of clutch Z). Also by using a reversing and stop motion counter shaftas is well understood in the belting of lathe drive pulleys, a reversing motion and stops and starts may be controllably given to either the pulleys s s and thereby the effect of the clutches b and L aforesaid made the reverse of those now described; but, as this driven as above described by the gears (Z s; or by (Z s aforesaid. That is to say, shaft S can with throw rod 0 cutting out its gear trains and, therefore, also cutting out from S shaft S be driven, by way of shaft S by shaft 8 and belt wheel 8 It is proper also to note at this point that as hereinafter more particularly described shaft S is the direct live-stock driver of the puppet proper.

The direct or handy-jack drive motion above alluded to consists of a gear (Z Fig. 6, fixed to another independently actuatable shaft S which latter shaft, journalecl in frames A A also projects from the frame A and there (Fig. 1) has fixed on it a belt wheel (Z which wheel, like the belt wheel 8 is presumably belted to an independently controlled and actuated countershaft. This mechanism (belt wheel (Z shaft S and spur (Z serves to drive shaft S independently of both the above described main trains of the live-stock; and is designed to be used when said main trains are cut-out, and, then, to effect quick traverse movements in certain parts next to be described, as the mandrels and puppet components.

Passing temporarily from the live-stock, said mandrels component consists of (1) a carriage M, in form a lidless bottomless box, which has on the bottoms of its sides, guide parts m m fitting slidingly upon ways (2. a and the latter formed in the tops of web shears A A. which, integral with bed A, lie parallel and in line ahead of the live stock; and (2) said carriages equipment: This equipment consists of a series of mandrels N N to say 1 all alike and each, preferably, as illustrated in the figures, of' the sliding variety. The front and tail bearings for these mandrels are located in the sides of the carriagev M (see, as illustrative of all the cylindrical bearings m m carrying with sliding freedom the mandrel N v in Fig. 10). But said mandrels and their respective bearings being in general not otherwise than is familiar in lathe construction are not herein further illustrated or described, save only where the mandrels N N, etc., project beyond their tail bearings (m of mandrel N to the rear, they are each provided with abutments, preferably of the following character, viz: Between collars n n, fixed to said tail of each mandrel there are mounted, see Figs. 9 and 10, so as to be retatively free on each of'said mandrels tails, a washer n and a forcing sleeve 01 These sleeves are each provided with an engag ing part, viz: the pins a fixed thereto; which pins project into slots h (Fig. 10)

' formed in the bent pendant arms 72. hanging down on one side of forked levers H. These levers H, whose shape will be observed by viewing Figs. 1, 9 and 10 in conjunction, are attached by pivot pins 11 to brackets m m (secured in pairs astride each of the mandrel tails aforesaid and to carriage side mi) and have each, upon their outstretched arms if a weight H (see Figs. 1, 2 and These weights are mounted say by snug fitting eye h (Figs. 2, 3) that they may be slid manually lengthwise along said arms if, or be left thereon, even when the machine is at work, at any point of their travel and stay put. The abutment thus afforded the mandrels is of a yielding yet resilient nature, the intensity of which is determinable by either the amount of said weights H, the positions of said weights on the arms b or, although this departure from uniform arrangements is not preferred, by combinations of various weights and various arm positions. In any of these arrangements the effect of this preferred mandrel abutment is to tend to hold the collars a up to the rear face of their proper mandrel tail bearings, and to cause the mandrel nose or work engaging end of each said mandrels N N to tend to protrude to its maximum. Therefore while each mandrel yields according to the exigencies of its proper piece of work, all may ultimately come to a uniform protrusion and none surpass it. But in order at times otherwise to limit the mandrels protrusior. or sliding I also preferably provide each and every said mandrel with an adjustable stop. Such stop is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 8 by a screw I engaging in a hole (not lettered to avoid confusion of lines) tapped through back side wa of carriage M; whence each said screws I protrudes and exposes its point in range of its proper downward hanging lever arm h of the forked levers H aforesaid. An extension 2' of said screws shank being passed through a suitable aperture (also for similar reason unlettered) in line in the opposite carriage wall m thence also protrudes and is provided with any convenient manipulating device; such as handwheel 2' Fig. 10. By means of these stop screws any less and adjustably determinable degree of mandrel protrusion may be established with both nicety and convenience. This despite the fact that usually they are all to be adjusted alike.

Returning to the main description; The nose or business end of each mandrel is presumably equipped with the usual work engaging device of a lathe, illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 9 and 16, by the threej aw chucks 0. And, while the means for transferring motion to said mandrels may, without departure from the general invention, be any, yet I prefer to use, and specifically claim herein, the mode illustrated in the drawings, to wit: a pinion gear 0 fixed to each said mandrels (as by being formed on the periphery of the mandrel nose flange 0), and by intermeshing therewith a spur gear 0 carried on a shaft 0 journaled in carriage sides m m (see Fig. 2). Each said shaft, 0 has on its rearward protruding part, a fixed bevel gear 0*; and each of these gears 0 meshes with a corresponding bevel. gear 0 each collared to and journaled in a bracket 11 located on the back, m of carriage ll. This collar-ing is indicated in Figs. 9 and 10 where the gears 0 have tubular hub extensions 0 journaled in said brackets, and collars 0 fixed to said hub extension ends. The controllably speeded shaft S aforesaid, extends out fro-m the live stock and passes endwise freely through each of the bevel gears 0 but is (by spline seats 8 and spline 0 (Fig. 10) fixed in each of said gears eyes) rotatively attached to said gears. By this means the shaft S connects the mandrels NN operatively with said live stock; and, subject to its organization and control (above described) imparts or denies motion to said mandrels; in fact, is the chief member of said mandrels motion.

Reciprocally to move; or, when not in motion along the ways aforesaid, to hold the carriage M, I provide on a prolongation of the shaft S that extends from the frame A to and through the carriage M (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10) a screw part S whereof the threads cooperate with a nut, preferably of the disengageable split type, illustrated in Figs. 1, 1 and 2 by the handle provided half nut S. This nut is pivoted at (4 to carriage end m and swings in range of said screw part S of shaft 5. By this means, when the half nut S is engaged on the screw part S, if the shaft whereon said screw is formed is at rest, the carriage M is locked; or, if said screwed shaft 8 be forcibly rotated, the carriage M is thereby moved according to (l) the direction of the thread on said shaft, and, (2) the controlled motions of said shaft; which motions are then imparted to the carriage by nut S. Now the thread S of this, in part, screwed shaft being of say two to the inch pitch, and the shaft itself connected to and controlled by the gear trains, clutches, and so forth of the live stock and said gears toothed and proportioned as aforesaid, it is obvious that many reciprocal 1n vements, stops, starts, and so forth can be given to the carriage M; and these controls and motions can be effected at will, either independent of, or for screw, volute, etc, cutting incident to and synchronous with, the mandrel motions derivable through the shaft S the whole being under the control of the shifter levers and throw rods of the live stock as aforesaid. And this so long as the split nut S is engaged on its screw S But should said nut be disengaged therefrom the carriage M may be moved either (1) by hand, or (2) mechanically as hereinafter soon to be ex plained.

By these means many desirable functions heretofore only to be had independently, in independent lathes, are, by my invention, embodied in a series of mandrels combined. in a. multiple mandrels component.

To keep the mandrels carriage M from lifting, besides its own weight and that of its equipment, which weights together may be sufficient so to keep it, I prefer to keep it down positively. This is illustrated by the end view of L-shaped clips e a, Fig. 2; which clips bolted to shears A A are removable, for assembling, etc., but be ing fixed in place extend their l s over corresponding L shaped and (to permit the sliding of carriage M) faced upper flanges of said carriages bottom guide parts, m m respectively, and thereby keeps said carriage to place on the bedways a (0*. The shaft S also passes freely through apertures, (not lettered to prevent overcrowding of lines) formed in the ends of carriages M, and finds, beyond the limits of the ways a a (Fig. 2) a further bearing in a terminal vertical frame A. Beyond this bearing the shaft S again protrudes and carries fixed. to it a spur gear Q. This gear (see Figs. 1, 9 and 10') meshes with one or other of two intermeshing pinions Q Q journaled to studs 9 fixed laterally in a vibrating apron O Said apron, being pivoted to frame A at Q, is provided with a handle and a slot and set screw clamping device; whereof Q. is the slot, and Q the headed set screw, which passing its shank through said slot, threads into the adjacent wall of frame A. By swinging and clamp ing with screw Q this apron it is obvious the rotary motion of shaft S will be (at increased speed) imparted to the gear which gear is mounted loose on said aprons pivot. Now this gear 9 which also meshes with gear Q aforesaid has fixed to it a large concentric spur gear Q9 of say sixty four teeth; and the latter gear (9 meshes with a pinion of an equal number of teeth which is mounted freely on a pivot fixed in a second vibrating apron Q Said second apron (being pivoted, see Fig. 10, on a protruding part of the puppets component lead screws shaft, S is provided, by way of a clamping device, with a pivot centered circular arc slot 9 and a shouldered stud Which stud screwed into frame A, thence extends and, passing its reduced part through said apron slot, carries on its threaded outer end a clamping nut q. There is also preferably formed integral on said apron Q a handle (1' by which the apron can be swung manually to bring its gear 9 in or out of mesh with the gear 9 aforesaid; and, in either of said positions, saiid apron Q can be clamped and kept to place by the nut 9 aforesaid. Fixed to the pinion g and therefore carried with it, is a smaller gear g -of say thirty two teeth; this gear meshes permanently with a gear Q17 fixed on the outer end of the shaft S; which shaft, as hereinafter described, actuates the puppet motion screws. It is obvious that, if by the manipulation of apron Q and clamp nut 9 this gear 9 fixed on the end of shaft S is operatively connected with the gearing aforesaid connecting with shaft S, that shaft S may be thereby driven in either direction; or by relaxing nut and swinging out of mesh the gear 9 carried on the aprons Q Q respectively, the shafts S S will be cut out from each other. That is to say, as a combinal element the apron Q and its gears constitute a reversing change of motion device, and the apron Q with its gears a cut-out device. They belong to the live-head-puppet transmitting mechanisms. The diameters and relation of the gears upon these aprons is such (as will be seen by inspection of Figs. 9 and 10) that when shaft S drives the shaft S forward (or in the direction indicated by curved arrows in Fig. 10) an equal speed will be given: but when reversed by droppin apron Q, as gear Q is smaller than gear Q, a reverse and slightly reduced speed will result to shaft S The shaft S is journaled not only in framing of the live stock, as aforesaid, but also extends to, passes through and finds a bearing in the terminal frame A aforesaid. Between the frames A and A. the shaft S has fixed upon it, see Figs. 1 and 2, two equal bevel gears r 9 These gears mesh with duplicate bevel gears 9' T of say twice their number of teeth. The latter gears are fixed as heads upon duplicate transverse screws T T; which screws have short unthreaded shanks t t journaled in the bed shear A with endwise abutting collars as If t of the near screw T in Figs. 2 and 3. Said screws thence extend, lie parallel to each other, and engage in nuts 25 25 fixed, as shown in Figs.

1 2 and 4, to the front crosstie p of the puppet component. By these connections the screws T T can be cut out from or given all the speeds and back and forth rotary motions possible to the shaft S whlch shaft being driven, drives them, or left at rest I suffers the endwise collared screws T T engaged in their nuts t t to act as a locking f uniting the lower corners of said end housings, so that the whole constitutes a substantially chair like form. This chair P has, centrally located and journaled across it, a substantial pivot P. Upon this pivot P I mount a reel U the shape of which will be grasped by taking Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in connection; and it will be seen to consist of a series of similar webbed sections U U; the general form of each of which sections is plainly shown by the elevation of the two of them which lie farthest from the live stock aforesaid, in Figs. 2 and 3. Each of these sections U to U -see Fig. 4 carries on its four arm like extensions 20 a share of the parts supporting the lathes tools. This is accomplished in the illustrative case by fixing the reel section U to U, see Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, to each other by pin shafts P P P P Therein these shafts are located parallel to themselves and to and at equal radii from, the main pivot P; they are also spaced at 90 to each other. In the illustrative case, at least, the ends of these pin shafts protrude from the terminal reel sec tions U and U, and carry on each such end, as well as on their sections lying between every reel section, a tool holder. These tool holders I preferably make alike and in the form of the turrets U of Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, etc. While such turrets U may, in general, be of the construction and have the scope or functions familiar to those conversant with turret lathe mechanisms, and therefore not necessary to be herein further described, yet in Figs. 13 and 14, I have shown such a form thereof as I have contrived with special reference to and found best suited for my present invention: a hexagonal disk U adjustably fixed by a central eye m wedge u, and key way a to the pin shafts P P aforesaid: Also in the central plane, and, preferably, in radial and equal angular arrangement, of each said disk I form a series of tool sockets a Into these sockets on one side I bore (Fig. 14) a secant cylindrical chamber a so that each of said chambers at its bottom, merges into a concentric tapped hole a, and then, by a head ed and washer provided, binding screw, Z67, I force a binding tube section, u down upon any registering cylindrical tool or tool holder shanks, a 1.0 respectively as may be fitted to and placed in each of said sockets. By these means I bind said tool or tool holder shanks n or n to the preferred turrets U with such longitudinal protrusion, angular position or setting that may be desired (see Figs. 13 and 14 respectively).

To bring the various tools in registering conformity with the proper mandrels, each turret may be adjusted longitudinally on its supporting pin shaft as shown in Fig. 1, where the portion of the pin shaft P adj a cent one of the mandrels is shown as provided with threads J. The corresponding turret 11' being clamped in place between nuts j and locked in position by jam-nuts j and 1V hile in order to avoid confusion of the drawings 1 have only shown one of the turrets as longitudinaly adjustable upon its supporting pin shaft, it will readily be understood that all, or as many as desired of the turrets may be made so adjustable.

in order the better to contact the binding tube sections a aforesaid upon the tool or tool holder shanks 1 preferably project said tube binding sections initially somewhat far down their respective chambers, and, by a boring operation, chanifer off a small cove, as a, Fig. 14, from the edges thereof.

To rotate the tool holder U I provide, preferably on the live stock adjoining end of the main pivot P, a fixed gear V. This gear meshes with a spur gear V carried fixed on a crank shaft e which, provided with a crank handle a, is journaled between the puppet ehairs adjoining end plate 79 and a small bracket o bolted thereto. By means of this handy device (the shaft '0 of which is adapted to slide endwise through its bearings) the operator can either (1) rotate the reel. U until some one of the tool turrets aforesaid comes opposite, say the axis line of the mandrel noses in the mandrels com ponent M, or else (2) by endlong sliding of the crank shaft 0) (and after its spur gear V disengages from the gear V) fetch another gear V (located upon and fixed to an inwardly protruding end of said crank shaft 0)) into mesh with one, see Fig. 1, of a series of equal pinions V that are fixed to the ends of the reel pin shafts P to P aforesaid. Such engagement of the spur V (carried on the inner end of the crank shaft 0), as indicated in broken line at V Fig. 1) is possible when any one of the pin shafts P P is brought with its gear V in range thereof. By this latter means not only any desired one of the ranks of the turrets or tool supporting parts U carried in the puppet reel U can be brought opposite to the line of mandrels carried in the carriage M, but the tools T or tool holders T fixed in said turrets, see Figs. 1, 5 and 13, can be presented thereto in series as said turrets are, in turn revolved through successive angles of 60 each.

In order to hold the turrets U and reel U in such postures of tool presentation to the mandrels NN I provide upon each of the pin shafts aforesaid (that carry the tur rets) a fixed. and in this case, hexagonal prisms X X see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 15 and 16; and, for engagement with these prisms, 1 provide a correspondingly gabbed spanner or spanners a0 02 fixed in appropriate alinement upon a rock shaft This shaft j ournaled to lugs 72 79 integral on the puppets tie p and end plate 79 respectively,

projects, one end, preferably that on the live stock side, and is there provided with a transverse hand rock lever X The reach to these prisms X X and the position of their facets being in conformity to those of their ranks or turrets U (Figs. 2, it is obvious that the spanners :22 as may be rocked by manipulation of said rock-lever and thereby either be engaged upon or cleared from their respective prisms X X. Cleared of them the reel U and all its turrets can be normally revolved: engaged the said spanners hold the same. But, where great steadiness is required in the holding of the reel U and turrets U which steadiness is generally essential to the mandrels most exact coaction, I further preferably modify said holding device by forming the spanner in the manner of a vise. One way of doing this is illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16, where said spanner has one relatively fixed jaw w and one relatively movable jaw part :0 and said latter jaw, 00 being provided with a prismatic shank, is fitted to slide in guide loops :0 attached to the main jaw part as", and also to be actuated by a cam 00 which cam mounted fast on the spanner rock shaft m aforesaid, can, by a partially backward rotation of said shaft, be made to work against and lift the movable jaw shank m aforesaid. Upon retreat of the cam m (by a short forward throw of the rock shaft handle aforesaid) the movable jaw 00 and con sequently also the spanner itself is released, especially if expedited by a jarring rap upon the parts. But, in order that the gripping spanner thus illustrated may be vibrated into engagement with the prisms X X on the pin shafts P P aforesaid, the fixed jaw part .92 is mounted loose upon the rock shaft and both it and movable jaw 50 kept to place alongside of each other by being embraced between a set collar w and a pin tappet 03 This pin v fixed in, projects for some little distance alongside of but without binding on said spanners fixed jaw :0 and acts also as a tappet to strike upon a spur a? that fixed to projects in range from the hub or bearing part of said movable jaw By these latter means (after the cam bearing rock shaft 011 has disengaged the cam m and released the movable jaw 0 the tappet 00 is adapted to strike upon the stud 00 and when it is further thrust over to throw back the then disengaged vise-spanner from off its proper prism. This contrivance is illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16; in which, in Fig. 15, the tappet and spur are in contact, and the rock shaft m presumably acting to vibrate the gripping spanner away from the prism X; while in F 16, the tappet 00 is clear of the stud 50 and the cam 05 is thrust in so as to cause the movable jaw 00 to grip on the embraced prism X.

adjoining end of the to move the entire above described puppet.

As described in relation to Fig. 13, a key seat a sunk lengthwise along the eye a of turret U indicates means of fixing series of said turrets, each series in common alinej ment, on its proper pin shafts P -P The I spanner prisms X X, whose hexagonal proj files aline with those of said turret series, are I fixed preferably two to each said pin shafts P'-P, and lie severally in plane of their respective spanners as above described. Said spanners, to prevent twisting of the reel, are also preferably spread wide apart and located (see Fig. 1) adjacent to the terminal sections of the reel U. The reel thus equipped presents circumferential zones of similar tool supports (U) wh-ereo-n the tool sockets, 21*, and, to at least that extent, the tools they carry, are arranged in longitudinal and equally spaced ranks. Also, as the reel U may be unlocked, and as its secondary pin shafts P P are in symmetrical parallelism to its main shaft P, which latter lies in the same level or horizon as the reel U, the reelU, even by manual application affords means for bringing and holding any desired rank of said turret sockets into said mandrels plane. However, to this end I also preferably combine with reel U what may be called its mechanical rotating device; it consists of the winch spur V aforesaid (which, it will be remembered, when meshed with the pinion V, is operative to revolve the reel U by turning its shaft P in the bearings 79 p and, 2nd, and preferably in combination a. turrets turning device, wherein said winch spur gear V, being slid endwise to disengage from the pinion V, brings its subsidiary spur gear V into mesh with that one of the gears V which, fixed on the adjoining pin shaft P or P or P or P is operative to rotate the series of turrets alined on and carried by such pin shaft. any series of the turrets in fixed to a single pin shaft may be moved mechanically until the therein selected longitudinal rank of tool sockets has been brought to line with the horizontal plane of said mandrels afore said and then positively and steadily locked.

The flanged bottom 7) 79 of the tool holding housings 7; p are formed, see Fig. 4, as guide parts, fitted slidingly upon invert-ed V guideways a a? formed on the bed A. These ways lie at right angles to the mandrel ways aforesaid. Along these ways a a the screws T T aforesaid are operative either (1) to locate and (2) within the limits of their incidental lost. motion, to hold as a locking device, or (3) reciprocally For these purposes said screws T T engage as aforesaid with the nuts 25 t secured to 5 the front (angle iron) cross-piece p of the puppet chair (see Figs. 1. 2, 3 and 4.) are 5 also endwise collared to M; and, connected By these combined means shoe Z by gears 1 r act in unison as lead screws for the puppet component.

To keep the puppet chair with its equipment down upon the ways a? (4 their weight may suflice, but I prefer, as in the case of the above described mandrels carriage, positively to hold it down; here by Lshaped (removably) bolted clips, as a 0 Fig. 4; wherein said clips will be seen to engage their US upon and, presumably, with freedom for endwise sliding along, the faced tops of said flanged parts of the puppet housing bottoms.

Transverse to carriage ways a allel to line of motion of A has, see Figs. 1 and 5, a guide Z. This guide is preferably of the hollow dove-tail variety and embraces for endwise sliding a male part Z formed correspondingly, for that purpose on bottom of a slide block Z. When puppet P sits, say mid way, on its ways a a said slide is long enough to extend out past the leading edge of puppet end plate 0; to which plate it also lies near. In this position I removably connect said slide block and puppet end plate by pivoting at a (to a gudgeon (4 formed integral on puppet end of slide block Z) a gab link a. This link when in horizontal position, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, can engage its gab snugly upon a pin a fixed to and projecting square from said housing p. Thus linked slide block Z has to follow in movement, stops, etc., puppet P. And while gab link o may be thrown in or out of engagement with pin a at any time by hand, yet to throw it out of engagement at any desired point I further preferably provide a pillar A securable (see bolt a Figs. 1, 3 and 4) where wanted on bed A, but yet so as to present (Figs. 1 and 3) in the path of said horizontally posed gab link a a tappet a. To interact with this tappet, which fixed to projects laterally from pillar A I also form the gab link a with a cam part 2 and, when puppet P, in moving back from mandrels carriage M, brings said cam 2 into collision with tappet a, the action of said cam is, by lifting gab link a off of pin a automatically to disconnect puppet P and slide block Z. Moreover, whenever the split nut S is disengaged from screw S (formed on shaft S the motions so producible from puppet P in slide block Z can, if desired, be taken off and imparted to carriage M as follows On top of slide Z there is clampable, in such angular adjustments as are within the limits of its engagements, a pivoting guide Through slots a 2 (formed as arcs of a circle described from the pivoting axis of said shoe) there pass freely the shanks of headed binding screws, 2 2 of which screws the threaded tips, screwing into slide block Z, serve either to bind, or

a and parpuppet P, frame formed as a shelf,

slackened to free, said heads from the flanges about said slots and so to bind or release for angular adjustments, on Z, said shoe Z Also in a preferably hollow dove-tail guide way .2 of shoe Z (Fig. 5) there is jointed to slide another block Z This block, by a pin 2" (Figs. 1 and 5) engages with a throw bar a and said bar, passing with freedom for endwise movements through an otherwise snug fitting guide aperture m (formed in the end wall m of carriage M see Fig. 5) thence extends within said carriage; and lying close to inside of side m thereof, terminates under the first two mandrels N N. A little short of this inner end of throw bar .2 and in line with the aperture 072- there is, see Fig. 17, in the wall m of carriage M, a transverse aperture m. This latter aperture conforms to the unthreaded neck of a screw binding bolts, and while bolt 2 is, longitudinally slidably therein, it is prevented from rotation by the later described engagement etc, of its L-shaped head 2 A nut a, engag ing upon the threaded nose of bolt 2, may, be screwed down on it and drawn by abutting against adjacent parts of the outer face carriage wall m. This nut 2 is within easy reach of what I have called, as in fact it is, the operating and entrant angle of machine when viewed in plan see Y Fig. 1. Vithin wall 112, said L-shaped head of bolt .2 embraces and in the manner of a guide (for longitudinal sliding) supports rod 2 see Fig. 18, or else acts to bind it to carriage M.

That is to say, bolt 2 serves two duties, viz:

(1) when nut 2 is relaxed as a guideway and support to the otherwise free end of rod 2 (2) as a part by which. said nut when screwed home on side m may bind bar 2 to wall m and cause the carriage M to receive any endwise throw or throws which said bar, by its other connections, may be in receipt. Among which connections shoe Z acts, when slid in either direction in the manner of an incline plane to transverse slide block Z Thus whenever puppet P and carriage M are connected. by screwing up nut .2 Fig. 17, and throwing in link 2 Fig. 3, it is obvious, should puppet P be moved in either direction along its ways a a (by actions of the live stock aforesaid transmitted through screws T T), then, according to the angle at which shoe Z is bound (by set screws .2 2 on, and to the line of motion of, slide Z, there will be developed in carriage M a very precise movement corresponding to throw of bar 2 Now such movements in relation of puppet P and carriage M are, when the machineprovided with work and toolsis actin productive of taper turning. And such sort of turning-as in all other instances of the machines action will take place in uniform synchronized progress. Also upon as many of its mandrels N to N as may be supplied with similar pieces of work and subjected to a corresponding set of tools held in the tool supports or turrets U; for each said turrets, of those in action, is then presenting a similar tool, at any given moment and in a uniform rank and posture.

Taper turning can also be done by my lathe as described prior to, and without the aid of, the last mentioned ancillary taper turning device. For as the mandrels of the carriage M have a common controllable traverse motion across the planes of their corresponding tool socket zone (whether of the turrets (U or of puppet P); and, as said puppet carried tool sockets may be moved controllably in unison to and fro of their proper mandrels, it is obvious that relatively to each other said mandrels and tool sockets have, in the horizontal plane in which they all lie, a universal motion. By reason of this universal motion, and independent of the aforesaid slide element Z, etc., the lathe also, as will be understood by engineers, can form substantially any taper between face-plate and right-cylinde1" work.

To produce say, upon a face plate a volute or spiral, and referring chiefly to Figs. 1 and (3, the shaft S in addition to the gearing of chair C (which chair, under control of throw rod 0, may disconnect as well as rotatably engage said shaft with the main drive shaft S) also has fixed on it the gear (Z This gear, as above stated under control of apron E and its gears, may be operatively connected for driving in either direction with the gear E. And gear F/ by the gears e E and sleeve E is, as above mentioned, operative to drive gear E So driven E drives gear 0 and the latter, by shaft .9 the gear a (the back-gears), and 6 drives pinion K, and K, the shaft 3*. The shaft S so driven, by means of lever A: and its above described equipment, drives any selected gear, as k in the series 71: to fixed on the shaft S (see Fig. 8). And this shaft, so the developer of ratable rotations suitable for screw or helix motions, being thus in positive synchronized connection with the mandrels driver, shaft S transmits such. motion by gears la 71: to the trains of gears (Z Z, Z Z of chair C and such chairs trains, under control of its rod 0 to gear F; which gear splined to, in turn, actuates with such motion the shaft 5 From the shaft 3 (1) the clutch L operative to impart such motion either forward (by gears Z -Z s or backward (by gears Z 8 to the shaft 8; or to throw said shaft out of gear therewith. Now by the first of these controls and with the shaft S so placed in positive connection with and operatively driving in modifiable (gears 7v -]c synchronized relation the shaft S the said. two shafts become available as parts whence synchronized drive motions can be simultaneously imparted to (l) the mandrels N-N and to the carriage M. For this first of these purposes, the (1) last above, the shaft S is, by reason of its endlong sliding in the bearing brackets M of carriage M, the slots a feathers 0 gears 0 0 shafts 0 and gears 0 0 operatively connected for rotatively driving in either direction the mandrels N to N Such rotations of the mandrels N to N being imparted by above position connections are obviously in synchronized accord with the screw cutting or helix motions that, by the concurrent engagement of the half nut S with the screw S formed on the mid body of the shaft S are at the same time communicable to the mandrels carriage M. These synchronized move ments of the mandrels N to N and of the carriage M, which carries said mandrels, being invoked (by control of lever D, throw rod 0, apron E and half nut S) the carriage M, it will be seen will be ratably traversed across the puppet P, which puppet, say, by dropping apron Q, so as to unmesh gears Q1OQS, and also by manipulation of lever B (unclutching gears Z) 5 has for the time being its actuating shaft S cut out and so left at rest is presumably presenting suitable tools in registering se ries to and in the range of said synchronized rotating mandrels, and thereby the machine develops coacting motions which as its several series of tools cut generate volutes in such work as said mandrels may then be charged with. Feed motions, or, to coin a word, workwise advance and retreat moticns of the presenting, puppet carried, tools can be effected (1) by throwing into clutch, with lever B, the clutch Z) and through shaft S mechanically actuating-as desired the puppet lead screws T T; or else, (2) by said clutch being still left out out and with apron Q5 still dropped, by laying hold of gear q" (Fig. 10) as a hand wheel thereby, by hand, rotating shaft S and so by gears r r and 1 r turning the lead screws T T which, acting on the nuts t 25'. Fig. 4, serve, according to their screw right or left threading, and the direction of said turning of 9'" to advance or retreat the puppet P along its ways a a and so to feed or retreat its work presenting series of turning tools; which, if done cotemporaneously with the controls manipulated for volutes as above described, will cause fuseelike forms to be generated in the work.

For screw cutting the shafts S and S are tobe connected and driven from shaft S in the same way as above described for volute turning, save. only, that instead of 1 using lever L to engage gears Z or Z to she 8 said shaft is by said levers localizing l l l I 2 clutch L in its intermediate position cut out and freed from said gears; then by lever B clutch Z) is thrown into engage either gear Z) or gear 12 and thereby through either gear B or gears Z2 6 connect said shaft 8 with shaft S and so as to cause the latter to receive the drive coming to shaft 8 by way of gears Z0 or from shaft S. Shaft S thus in receipt of synchronized rotations modifiable within the range of the gears 70 to 0 is by the gears r r fixed to itself and gears r r fixed as heads upon the puppet lead screws T T operative rotatively to drive them concurrently and equally either forward or back and so, by nuts t t cause the puppet P to advance to or retreat from the synchronously rotating mandrels NN with screw cutting motion. In such cylindrical screw cutting-the screws I are to be set and by banking prevent the mandrels NN from yielding. It is also here to be noted that as to feed motions (in and out movement of puppet P along its ways) whether of ordinary turning or screw cutting in addition to above mentioned control. of the'apron Q (on relaxing nut Q12 and working it with handle Q15) which serves to connect or disconnect at will, the shafts S and 8; it is also a function of the described parts-as is best seen in Figs. 9 and 10-to cause the shafts S and S to make, when connected for turning in one way, turn for turn, but when connected for turning in reverse, to run at different speeds. That is to say, gearing Q to Q, Q, to Q and thence through gears Q8 and g to Q10 and by shaft 9 to gear is a 2 to 1 speeding up train, but as the gear is one half less in teeth than is the gear 917 there is a corresponding l-to 2- reduction in speed and therefore shaft S so connected and driven from shaft S makes turn for turn therewith. But if gear Q isby dropping apron connected to gear Q8 by medium of gear Q as said latter gear is smaller in diameter and less in teeth than is gear Q, there will be not only the above described relative reverse but a change to a slower speed in shaft S Inspection of Fig. 5 will show how motions impartable through gear 9 to shaft S are by said shaft transmissible to the puppet lead screws T T. Otherwise with apron Q dropped and shaft S cut out, said Fig. 5 also shows howespecially for ordinary turning as distinguished from cylindric screw or face plate volute etc., cuttingshaft S may be driven through gears or b, and this, either slowly forward for the cutting (viz: shaft 8 clutch 5, gear 6 idler b and gear 6) or quicker backward (viz: by shaft 8 clutch b and gearsb and B) for retreat; also according to the intermediate disengaged portion of clutch b, as shown in Fig. 8, and determined by manipu lation of lever B, the said shaft S and the parts it actuates left at rest.

Having given above by way of samples of certain general coactions of the live stock mandrels and puppet components, I now pass to consideration of the remaining chief elementof the preferred complete invention, viz: Preferably when the tool holders or turrets U are not engaged holding tools to work-and, in the illustrative case, for those diametrically opposite to the mandrels N- ll"--T have also provided that the tools they hold may be sharpened, each sort in symmetrical conformity, and all without removal from their holders or turrets. This is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, by an ancillary but preferably combined and coaeting tool grinding element, for which element A is a tabular dove-tail guide. This guide parallels axle l? of puppet P, also the guide ways a a of the mandrels component, but extends transverse to, back of, and substantially across the puppet ways a (f. It is conveniently formed as an integral table, say cast with the bed A, and has fixed along the center line of top, a rack W. By registering hollow dove tail embracing parts there is mounted. on guide A, with freedom for sliding endlong thereof, see Figs. 2 and 3, a slide rest. This rest, while it may be of various sorts is, in this illustrative ease, of the compound dove-tail interguiding character familiar, so far as its detail, construction, and motions are concerned as the tool support of say an ordinary engine lathe, I therefore, shall herein only identify its chief members, and omit, as unnecessary to describe, the more minute details as well as many of the movements of which it is capable. And this T do, follows W is the saddle of said slide rest, which saddle emhracii'ig for sliding along the dove tail part of is guided by the aforesaid guide A ll is the swiveling traverse guide block of said slide rest; which block, having a male dovetail guide upon its top face, thereby engages with a registering hollow dovetail foot, 10"", of a grinder head W which grinder head is thereby slidingly attached thereto. 20 the pivot bolt about which, when slackened, traverse block 10 can be slowed, or by which when set up with or without the interposition of (elevation controlling) packing washers so, the said block and saddle can be clamped in horizontal angular adjustment. F or facility of traveling this slide rest along the rack W T also journal in and to said rest a shaft to: which shaft, where it crosses said rack TV, has fixed to it a small pinion 10 whose teeth register and engage with those of said rack; and also, upon one end of said shaft, which end, for this purpose, projects in the clear I fix a crank handle co To hold said rest at any desired point or points along A I provide a locking device or devices as the set screws to and 10 of which screw e0 threaded through the foot of said rest, can, when set up, bear its preferably flat point upon the guide A and so lock the slide rest at any place along it. But as it is also often convenient to lock the rest at definitely spaced points along the guide A, I also, in Fig. 1, have indicated by a series of graduated or equally spaced circles a certain conical pits-wherein the nose of a registering cone frustum point of the other set screw, 10 (also threaded through the foot of said slide rest) may be set when required, and so localize with precision, and hold in such predetermined spacing the said slide rest. The grinder head above referred to being, so far as its foot, @0 aforesaid is concerned, a part (viz: cross slide) of said slide rest, is also, so far as it is a grinder, mechanism familiar and needs here the combinal characteristics set forth rather than detail description of its own proper parts, therefore, of it as follows, only :Inspection of Figs. 1, 2 and 3, will, show the housing of said head to be of the usual pedestal foot and forked top, shaft bearing, type: in the forked top bearings W thereof there is journaled the shaft to; which shaft has fixed upon it (1), between the forks, a belt wheel. w, and (2), upon its longer projecting end, a disk shaped. grinding wheel Q02. The whole presumably beltable to, and, as desired actuatable from a suitable source of powersuch as adrum pulley, in length coextensive with guide A and a controllable countershaft; but when referred to all this also comes to things familiar and need not herein further be described nor illustrated save by the belt wheel 10 aforesaid.

While the height of the grinder wheel Q02 above bed A is variable, according to the number or thickness of aforesaid packing washers w", the height illustrated in Figs. 2 3, which height conforms the axes of the grinder, puppet shaft 1? and mandrels N to N to a common plane, is substantially that which, in this illustrative ease, best lends itself to the grinding of tools ordinarily in use in turret lathes.

In reference to the mode of operation, inspection of Figs. 2 and 3 will make obvious that, if the three following things be done, viz: (1) Reel U released (by throwing with handle spanners m w clear of prisms X X) (2) Said reel rotated one half turn (180) from position shown in Fig. 2, and, the pin shaft l left unrotated, that the tools T which (with or without tool holders, as T had been seated in the sockets a and presented right side up in range of said mandrels, then would be in reverseor upside down and directed backward toward the grinder element. This backward direction and upside down position of such tools is shown in Fig. 3 by a tool T on grinder side of pin shaft P Obviously also by a suitable rotary movement or movements of reel U-indicated by the curved arrow located between P and P in Fig. 2any of the other tool holding turrets U may be brought to the grinder side of said puppet. Being there, since the turrets U are also normally rotatable with and by their proper pin shafts P P any too-l, as T in turret U of pin shaft P Fig. 2, by a suitable ro tation of its supporting pin shaft, is presentable to the range of the grinding wheel 10 This is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 2 by the curved arrow which, centered on axis of shaft P extends from said tool to the broken line connecting axis of grinder shaft to and that of said pin shaft P.

For generating with the range of the grinder wheel 10 along and about the guide A and upon the working ends of the tools T say, substantially any of the usual turning tools, edges, I have made the following provision :Chiefly an accurate and mechanically controlled universal motion due to (1) the right angle relation of the guides, A of the grinder and a a of the puppet aforesaid; (2) the movability of the grinder slide rest and the puppet P along said guides; and (3) the motions for moving said rest and puppet thereon; of which motions, apart from the said rests own proper ones, the above described rack and pinion, \V 20 and the aforesaid highly controllable puppet lead screws T T are the chief components. Under the control of these motionsespecially when coupled and combined with such other slidings, pivoting, changes of elevation, localizations, etc., as are available by reason of the above mentioned ordinary constructive arrangements of said slide rest and grinder a great variety of movements appropriate to grinding turning tools may be developed and therefore such non-active tools in reverse, as aforesaid, ground by the presumably belted, driven, and coacting grinder wheel 10 By way of examples: (1) to produce a hollow ground relief on the nose of a flat finishing tool such as is shown at t on tool T (right side) of turret U, Fig. 13, and prior to the interpassage of said tool and grinding wheel 20 a downward tilt to an angle equal to that of the desired relief may be given to the reel U. Such tilting of reel U, prior to interpassage with, and for the production of a relief angle tool is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 2 by a vertical dot and dash line passed tangent to and upon puppet side of, the circumference of grinding wheel Q02, and (2) by a second dot and dash line connecting a point, a little below center of said grinding wheel, on aforesaid vertical line and the axis of reel by throwing spanners w w U. Otherwise, reel U being held fixedas into grip with prisms X Xa similar tilt, for a similar purpose, may be given tothe, at the time, grinder presenting pin shaft: as P Fig. 2, which act as the turrets are fixed to it, equally and simultaneously tilts them all. This alternative mode of tilting for relief is also diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 2 by the double dot and dash line connecting axis of pin shaft P and the vertical dotand dash line passed, as above mentioned, tangent to grinding wheel w To produce relief on a lateral facet, as the facet 23 on tool T prior to the grinding act such tool itself may be tilted from its normal setting in its proper socket a to such angle as conforms to that of the desired relief. This tool tilting for relief is provided for in the illustrative case by the uniform circular cross-section of the tool shanks (also those of the tool holders), which shanks fit snugly, but when the binder'bolts a are slackened with capacity for rotation in their registering cylindriform socket a Such tool tilting for lateral relief is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 14 by a vertical central secant dash line indicating the normal cutting position of such tool and two dot and dash lines radiating from said center and on either hand of said vertical line at approximately three degrees (3) each. Their said divergence indicating appropriate right and left hand tiltings for the relief facets of iron turning right and left side tools. Having so acted and ground any one tool presented in the then nearmost socket a of one turret U it is obvious that a one quarter rotation of the reel U will (the pin shafts P P left or held, at rest) bring the outermost socket a of another similarly alined turret with the tool it may hold into corresponding position and so on by suitable rotation of reel U, or of the turrets U any or all the tools of any given zone, if need be can be brought similarly and in precisely the same relation to the grinder and be, by it, ground in conformity to the tool first ground. This I call gri-nd ing by zones, whether it be in the great zones of reel U, or in the lesser ones of the individual turrets U. Or having ground, say the relief face of one turret held and reel supported toolsay facet of the upside down tool T in the grinder adjoining facet and turret U of Fig. 8,it is obvious that by manipulating the winch crank 10 the grinder 1V may be moved along the tabular guide A brought to bear and to act in exact alined conformity upon say an exactly similar facet of a similar and similarly postured tool seated in the corresponding socket u of the next adjoining turret; in this instance the grinder adjoining facet a which in Fig. 1 is alined (in transverse direction to the slide rests travel on guide A with the mandrel. N Then by the action of grinding wheel 10 and an interpassage of said wheel and said second tool similar to that had for the first tool, said second and flanking tools corresponding facet will be ground like in form and position to that of the first tool and so for other facets. Thus in both the shape of their cutting edgeswhich edges, speaking generally, are the product of the intersection of two such facets on a single tool, though it may be of but one or possibly of more than two,1 contrive that two tools may be ground both alike and to like alinements with the respective cooperating mechanisms whether of puppet or mandrels component, as aforesaid. And so, one after another, all similar tools in any one rank of the turrets U may be brought to range of the grinder and then ground to precise alined conformity; and when one rank is so ground, any other desired rank or ranks may be brought by the movements of the puppet P and reel U to the grinder side and ground.

In rotating the pin shafts P P for any purpose the pinions V fixed to their ends adjoining the operating angle Y, Fig. 1, afford convenient hand wheels. So, too, the toothed peripheries of these wheels V especially if their toothing be a multiple and alined with the number of the equally spaced, radiate turret sockets a -afford dials convenient for gaging the tilt angle of the turrets in grinding for relief as aforesaid. The pinion V can also be used in the same manner as a tooth dial for tilts of reel. ll, though, of course, it is more easily worked by the winch handle w.

To hold the turrets U at any tilt, however established, each pin shaft P -P may be equipped as shown in Fig. 1 with a set screw 3 which screws engaging their threaded part in tapped ends of reel arms to can, when set up, bear on and bind their proper shafts from rotation. It would be tedious, as well as unnecessary to give further uses or modifications of the grinder element, the novelty whereof resides rather in the fact of its combination as a highly organized, in itself well understood, and capacious tool sharpener-with the other elements of my invention, than in its own novel features; yet before passing from the grinder element, so interguided and combined with the other features of my invention, there remains to be stated a matter which while it is, at times, distinctly separable from the above described and, as I shall call it, grinding in site, function is also at times a matter which, as I contrive it, not only leads to but often merges with said prime function of the grinder. Therefore, also as follows: A previously and independently ground tool, if correctly set in any of the tool sockets a of aforesaid turret. lathe may l he proved to be so set by going over its facets t with grinding wheel w in the manner of a l surface gage. To which end the motions i of said slide rest and grinder head are, of 1 course, admirably adapted. If any ready ground tool so seated can be gone over by l the wheel 10 in its surface gaging capacity i without grinding or clearance and from a definite locus, or say with screw 1.0 set into i one of the pits a 1t 1s proof, not only that l said tool is correctly ground, but also that it is in correct position. But, if such tool 1 protrude at any part, the grinder wheel 1.0 l being actuated, it, at the instant of detection, will proceed to reduce said tool to and by the proper amount. Or, lastly, should said wheel 10 fail, either to contact or grind, the operator has notice of a clearance. Such clearance he can provide for by correctly resetting such defectively set tool, and then proceeding to the incidental grinding down of any part or parts thereof which such resetting caused to protrude in excess of the path traversed by said tool and the, in this instance, combined surface gaging and tool grinding element. In combination with or without a grinder element it is, however, not only possible, but well within the purview of my invention, that a ready ground finished tool or tools may be attached alone or together with, and so alined in rank and zone or zones with, those of its sort, in their proper rank or ranks and zone or zones, of turret or reel in the hereinbefore illustratively described multiple reproduction lathe, that the said ready ground tool or tools shall conform to its proper place therein with precision, and therefore act in uniformity with its mates. This is especially applicable for the tools which first meet with or rough the work; yet as charging the machine with ready ground tools, especially of the intermediate (small duty) and finishing sorts, is likely to be slow of attainment, or at the cost of much gaging and measuring, it is not so desirable nor, in practice apt to be productive of so uniform work as the full preferred combinal mode set forth above.

The multiplicity of tools which a multiplicity of turrets, each capable of holding and in quick succession, presenting a number of tools to its proper piece of work lends itself to putting but a minimum duty on each tool and especially least of all upon the finishing tools which, acting last upon. previously highly machined surfaces, will. have almost ideal conditions to meet in their performance. This feature of my invention leads to the long life and infrequent grinding of said finishing tools, as well as to their almost absolute accuracy in uniform performance.

The whole machine, as hereinbefore illus 

